9 reasons your plants aren’t growing and how to fix them

If your plants aren’t growing as expected, you’re not alone. Stunted or slow growth is a common issue for both indoor and outdoor gardeners. Healthy growth depends on several factors, including light, water, soil quality, and temperature. When one or more of these elements are out of balance, plants can struggle to thrive. Common causes include poor soil nutrients, inadequate light, improper watering, pests, and root restrictions. Identifying the underlying problem is the first step toward recovery. With a few targeted adjustments, such as improving soil, adjusting watering routines, and ensuring proper light, you can restore your plants to healthy growth.1. Poor soil quality and lack of nutrientsPlants rely on healthy, nutrient-rich soil to thrive. If your soil is depleted or compacted, roots can’t access the water and minerals they need.Signs to look for:Yellowing leavesWeak stemsSlow or no new growthHow to fix it:Test the soil or pH and nutrient content.Add compost, organic matter or well-rotted manure.Use a balanced fertiliser suitable for your plant type.2. Inadequate light or seasonal dormancyPlants need the right amount of light for photosynthesis. Too little light leads to spindly, weak growth, while too much direct sunlight can cause scorching.How to fix it:Move indoor plants closer to a natural light source or use grow lights.For outdoor plants, choose a location based on their light preference.Remember that many plants naturally slow down in winter, this is normal.3. Watering problems and root healthIncorrect watering, either too much or too little, is a major cause of poor plant growth.Common issues:Overwatering causes root rot and suffocates roots.Underwatering leads to dehydration and nutrient transport issues.How to fix it:Check soil moisture before watering.Ensure pots have good drainage holes.Water deeply but less frequently to encourage strong root growth.4. Root-bound plants and pot sizeWhen plants outgrow their pots, roots become tangled and unable to absorb enough nutrients.How to fix it:Check if roots are circling the bottom of the pot.Repot into a slightly larger container with fresh soil.Trim any damaged roots before repotting.5. Pests, diseases and fungal problemsCommon pests like aphids, mealybugs, or spider mites drain energy from plants. Fungal infections can also slow growth or kill roots.How to fix it:Inspect leaves (including undersides) regularly.Remove infected parts and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.Improve airflow around plants to reduce fungal issues.6. Incorrect temperature and humidity levelsExtreme temperature changes can shock plants, while very dry air can stress indoor plants.How to fix it:Keep plants away from draughts, radiators, or direct heat sources.For humidity-loving plants, use a humidifier or place a tray of water near them.Avoid sudden exposure to cold weather or frost.7. Overfertilising and nutrient imbalanceAdding too much fertiliser can burn roots and cause chemical build-up in the soil. Conversely, the wrong type of fertiliser can hinder growth.Signs:Brown leaf tipsWhite crust on soil surfaceSudden wilting after feedingHow to fix it:Follow the correct dosage for your fertiliser.Flush soil occasionally with clean water to remove salt build-up.Use the right fertiliser for the plant’s needs (e.g., higher phosphorus for flowering plants).8. Crowding and poor airflowWhen plants are packed too closely together, they compete for water, nutrients and light, and poor airflow increases the risk of disease.How to fix it:Give each plant enough space to grow.Prune excess foliage to allow air circulation.For indoor plants, rotate them regularly for even light exposure.9. pH imbalance in soilSoil pH affects how plants absorb nutrients. If the pH is too high (alkaline) or too low (acidic), nutrients become locked away.How to fix it:Test soil pH using a home kit.Add lime to raise pH or sulphur to lower it, depending on results.Choose plants suited to your soil type for long-term success.